<p>Grace Episcopal Church is located in Madison, Wisconsin, on the westward side of the Capitol Square. It was designed by James Douglas and was built in 1855. In 1885, architect David R. Jones, collaborating with a Chicago firm, redesigned the interior. The lowered ceiling in the new design remained true to the original Gothic Revival theme. It placed a traditional hammer-beam ceiling below the old vaulting and embellishing it with qua-trefoils and a large pointed arch. A second bay window was added in the 1920s. At the same time, a chapel was added along Carrol Street. Stained glass windows were added in 1887, including an English made Resurrection window. The Baptistery window of 1899 was made by Louis Comfort Tiffany. On January 1, 1976, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its significance in art, architecture and religion.</p><br>
<p>First Congregational Church is located in Waukesha, Wisconsin. The core of the current church was built in 1867 and has been expanded and remodeled since. The church is also used as a church school. On January 30, 1992, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>When First Evangelical Congregational Church of Prairieville (as Waukesha was then called) was organized in 1838, it was the first Christian congregation organized in Waukesha County. The members met in homes and the log school house until 1840, when they built a small frame church on the southeast corner of Maple and Wisconsin Avenues. This building was the first Congregational Church building in Wisconsin Territory.</p><br>
<p>In the 1840s Waukesha became a center for antislavery sentiment, and some members of First Congregational were leaders, both in Waukesha and the Territory. In 1842 when Caroline Quarlls, who had escaped from slavery in St. Louis, found her way along the Underground Railroad to Waukesha, parishioner Lyman Goodnow drove her in a wagon under cover of night on her way to Ontario. In 1845, the congregation passed resolutions against slavery that received country-wide notice. In 1848 Ichabod Codding, who had edited the abolitionist newspaper American Freeman became pastor. A member of the congregation took his place as editor of the paper.</p><br>
<p>In 1867 the growing congregation decided to build a new, larger church. They sold their old church and built the new one at 100 E. Broadway. This 1867 building forms the core of the current building, but it was quite different from now. It was a frame building adapted from plan #2 in The Book of Plans of the Congregational Union. The floorplan was a simple rectangle and the style was Greek Revival, covered in clapboard. The 80-foot steeple rose above the front entrance, with the lantern and spire looking as they do today.</p><br>
<p>By 1899 they needed more space and the congregation decided to expand the 1867 building. They hired the Milwaukee architectural firm of Crane and Barkhausen and added an ell to each side to convert the floorplan from rectangular to cruciform. The additions increased space for seating in the nave, the Sunday school, a kitchen, and the pastor&#39;s study. They also restyled the building to the more current Gothic Revival style, replacing many flat-topped windows with pointed tops.</p><br>
<p>In 1922 the congregation decided the expand again. They covered much of the old clapboard exterior with brick, and added an 85 by 20 foot 1-story addition across the eastern end of the church. The addition is in a Tudor Revival style, with stucco and half-timbering. Inside, the addition made more space for Sunday school rooms and more space in the basement for dining and kitchen. In 1928, they added on again, adding a half-story above parts of the 1922 addition to add space for Sunday school rooms.</p><br>
<p>In 1961 the church added a modern-styled education wing.</p><br>
<p>Central School is a school located at 218 West Cayuga Street in Iron River, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iron River constructed the first Central School just south of the site of the present building in 1884. The school was expanded in 1889, 1898, and 1902; the city built additional buildings, but the school system struggled to keep up with the booming population of Iron River. In 1902, a new school building was planned for the site, and the Milwaukee firm of Van Ryn & DeGelleke was engaged to design the building. However, construction did not begin until 1904, when Newman & Johnson were awarded a contract to construct the school. However, the new building was sufficient for only a few years, and in 1910 the school district engaged John D. Chubb of Chicago to design two wings and a boiler room, which were constructed in 1910-11. "Annexes," likely separate temporary structures, were constructed in 1923, but removed some time later.</p><br>
<p>Central School served as a high school until 1928, when the district built a new high school. After that, it served as a primary and secondary school, with a fluctuating student population as the economy fluctuated and as schools were consolidated.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1980 and was used for storage afterward. known as the "Apple Blossom Apartments."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>With Its Flemish gable ends, the school is a fine example of Dutch Colonial Revival-style architecture. The original building contained ten classrooms, lab and recitation space, and a 500-seat assembly hall.</p><br>
<p>A contemporaneous account describes the original structure:</p><br>
<p>The 1910-11 wings added more classrooms, as well as a music studio, commercial room, stenographic room, dark room, and offices for school district personnel.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office is an historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It became a contributing property of the Civic Center Historic District when it was established in 1988. It now houses administrative offices for Polk County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the opening of this building the post office was located in the old Federal Building at Fifth and Court Avenues, beginning in 1870. A $150,000 appropriation was approved by the United States Congress in legislation passed in 1902 for property for a new post office. A further appropriation was passed in 1904 and in 1906 the first of three appropriations for constructing the building was passed. The building was designed by James Knox Taylor of the United States Treasury Department staff in 1908 and construction began the following year. The building was completed in 1910 for $488,016.67. The post offices was the second building constructed in the Civic Center district and the first structure the federal government provided as part of the City Beautiful Movement project in the city of Des Moines.</p><br>
<p>The post office moved their operations into the building in the spring of 1910. By 1925 the building was becoming too small to house postal operations. The Des Moines architectural firm of Wetherell & Harrison drew up plans in the early 1930s for a large addition to the south, but no money was appropriated for it. Plans for a smaller addition were approved in 1934 and completed the following year. There were plans for another addition to the south, but it was never built. However, a smaller addition, which was torn down in the 1970s, was subsequently built. The post office moved their operations from this building to a larger facility at Second and University Avenues in 1971. The building sat empty until the late 1970s when it was acquired by Polk County. They in turn renovated the building for their use as an office building, which was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Woodburn & O&#39;Neil. The north lobby of the building is preserved and used as a public place for art and historical exhibits. It is known as the Polk County Heritage Gallery.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The former post office building is similar in design to the Municipal Court Building across the Des Moines River, which was designed and built at the same time. Both the original building and the 1935 addition are steel frame structures faced with limestone and built on a granite base. It features large semi-circular arched windows, tall smooth columns, simple entablature, massing, materials, and classical detail. The addition continues the massing and restrained design of the original building in a simplified manner that was more popular in the 1930s. The county created a promenate entranceway on the south side of the building when they renovated the structure in the late 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Buena Vista Valley is an approximately 40 mi long valley located in central-east Pershing County, Nevada. Unionville, Nevada lies at its northwest, at the foothills of the Humboldt Range.</p><br>
<p>The valley contains the approximately 18 mi long Buena Vista Lake Bed, a crescent shaped lakebed adjacent the southeast perimeter of the Humboldt Range.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Buena Vista Valley is an approximately north-south trending valley, and crescent shaped narrowing both due-north in its north end, and due-southwest in the south. The narrowing in the north is from the perimeter ranges of the Humboldt Range, west and the East Range, east. The valley is at its widest at the north end of the Buena Vista Lake Bed, about 13-mi.</p><br>
<p>The southwest is a region connected to the northwest of the Carson Sink. The narrowing of the valley southwestwards is caused by the Stillwater Range, its north section which turns to trend due-northeast. The low elevation Buena Vista Hills, 5,220 ft, and Chocolate Butte, 4,778 ft, lie between the Carson Sink and the southwest Buena Vista Valley. This hilly region is located in a sub-valley region, named "Antelope Valley".</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The south of Buena Vista Valley can be accessed from the west via Interstate 80, north of Lovelock, via Coal Canyon Road; the road is paved to the valley&#39;s south end.</p><br>
<p>The valley&#39;s north has Nevada State Route 400 traversing due-south from Mill City on I-80 to Unionville at the west foothills of the Humboldt Range. Numerous unimproved roads extend through all areas of the valley.</p><br>
<p>The United States Courthouse, located in Des Moines, Iowa, is the headquarters for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa. It is part of the Civic Center Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The United States District Court for the District of Iowa was established on March 3, 1845. It was divided into the Northern and Southern Districts on July 20, 1882. Des Moines became the headquarters for the Southern District and in 1902 there were discussions that the riverfront would be a suitable location for a new Federal Courthouse. While other sites were considered in 1913 when funds were allocated for a new courthouse, the riverfront was still the desired location. Property was purchased in 1918, but there was a desire for more land so construction was delayed until it was purchased in 1926. The building was designed by and constructed under the direction of the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. The courthouse joined other buildings in a Civic Center district that flanks the Des Moines River. Their placement reflects the City Beautiful Movement, which upheld the notions of civic patriotism, urban economics and beauty.</p><br>
<p>The building opened in 1929. Not only did it house space for the court, but also War, Justice, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Treasury and the United States Post Office departments. The building has subsequently been turned over to the courts and the other departments have moved to another office building downtown. An annex building was constructed to the south of the courthouse in 1995.</p><br>
<p>A landmark legal decision was made in the courthouse in 1979. Judge William Stuart held that the federal government has the right to legislate travel by long trucks on interstate highways that are maintained by federal funding. The decision was upheld by the United States Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>By 2015 the Southern District of Iowa had determined that the courthouse does not have adequate space, there are not enough courtrooms, and there are security concerns. A spending bill approved by President Barack Obama in December 2015 provided money for a new federal courthouse in Des Moines, but its location, cost and schedule to open have not been determined.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse complex occupies an entire city block with its main façade on Walnut Street. The building is four stories tall and built on a raised basement. While it appears to be rectangular in shape, it is actually E-shaped. The Classical Revival style building is a steel-framed structure covered in Indiana limestone. The raised basement is ashlar limestone and features flat-arched window openings. The piano nobile is finished with rusticated limestone and has semi-circular arched window openings that are ornamented with keystones. The top two stories feature two-story Corinthian columns and pilasters. The top floor has paneled pilasters and a banded cornice. The main façade is 19-bays wide with slightly projecting pavilions on both corners.</p><br>
<p>Like the exterior, the interior also reflects the Classical Revival style. The main entrance was relocated to the basement level to accommodate everyone regardless of disability. The entrance opens into the main foyer, which contains the original gold, black, and white speckled terrazzo flooring framed by a base of red Verona marble. The grand staircase is composed of Napoleon gray marble treads and buff-colored marble risers. The balustrade is made of cast iron and features vine-like curved scrolls with floral accents, fitted between bands of floral discs and squares. A mural is located above the lower stairs and portrays pioneers and a blacksmith. It is possibly a Works Project Administration commission. A plaster coffered ceiling completes the entrance hall.</p><br>
<p>The main courtroom on the second floor was restored in 1988. It still maintains its original floor bordered in pink Tennessee marble and a coffered ceiling. The walls are plastered to look like travertine ashlar masonry. The judge’s bench sits on top of a platform of pink Tennessee marble. It sits in front of an alcove flanked by two Corinthian columns. Above the bench are the words, Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All).</p><br>
<p>The Ingersoll Place Plat Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000. The historic significance of the district is based on the concentration of bungalows and square houses as well as a mix of subtypes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Des Moines Life Insurance Company officially created the Ingersoll Place Plat on September 27, 1906. At the same time the Ingersoll Run sewer line was put under contract. The 21,460 ft of main sewer line brought sewer service to the northwest side of Des Moines. Early residential development began near Ingersoll Park, an amusement park that was located at 42nd Street and Ingersoll until 1911. Housing construction then moved east from there, which is contrary to the city&#39;s general east to west movement of development. Ingersoll Avenue also had a streetcar line since 1897, which made the area attractive for development. The Financial Panic of 1905-1906, however, delayed construction. Fifty of the lots were foreclosed on and had to be resold.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A majority of the houses in the district, twenty-four, are square house plans. Front gabled houses number thirteen, eight have hipped roofs and three have side gables. The houses with hip roofs are found in the east end and the front-gables houses are found in the west.</p><br>
<p>The district has five bungalows with front gables; all but one is on Linden Street. Two houses are part of a subtype of bungalows with a hip roof and two have a double gable on the front of the house. Two more houses follow the subtype of a gable front with a gabled side porch.</p><br>
<p>Five more bungalows have side gables. Three are on Linden Street, and there is one each on High and 28th Streets. Three houses feature a subtype of this style has a single roof pitch and full-width front porch. Two more houses have a single roof pitch, offset with a less than full-width front porch. There is also one house that has a double main roof pitch. It also has a combination of American Craftsman and Classical Revival ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Seven houses are neither bungalows nor square houses. Two houses are a vernacular side gable, story-and-a-half, square house that is popular in Des Moines. Two houses were built in the Colonial Revival style, and one each were built in the Neoclassical and Prairie School styles. One house on High Street is a large two-story double-square plan with a hipped roof that defies classification. There are thirteen detached garages that are also contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Property</h2><br>
<p>Mahnke House</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church Complex is located in Waukesha, Wisconsin. The church building itself was built in 1888. On October 28, 1983, the complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Parish was organized in 1842, the first Catholic church in Waukesha. Solomon Juneau donated the first church building, which was a log cabin on the site of the current complex. In 1844 the parish built a stone church building, which has since served as a parish hall, school, and medical clinic. This 1844 building has been remodeled enough that it is not part of the NRHP nomination.</p><br>
<p>In 1888 the parish began building a larger church building. Adolphus Druiding of Chicago designed it in High Victorian Gothic style, with its emphasis on the vertical. The exterior is rock-faced, randomly-coursed limestone, with multiple rose windows, lancet windows, and multiple gables and spires. Each gable is topped with a cross. The layout is asymmetric, with a large tower on one side of the main entrance, rising to a tall steeple topped with a cross.</p><br>
<p>The Brown House is the other part of the complex that is part of the NRHP nomination. It was built around 1878, a two-story brick house with Greek Revival massing and Italianate details. It was originally the home of Martin Brown, a harness maker. The church later used the house as a convent.</p><br>
<p>Both the church building and the Brown house were nominated to the NRHP for their architectural significance. They are some of the best surviving examples of their styles in Waukesha.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters and St. Josephs Catholic Churches are two historic Catholic churches in Oconto, Wisconsin, United States, both built in the 1890s. On November 10, 1980, they were added together to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Oconto has a long history of French involvement, going back to the Jesuit missionary Allouez and fur-trading days. In 1857 the Catholic church established its first parish in Oconto, St Peter&#39;s, building a small wooden church. Initially the congregation was heavily French-American, and the French language was used in services.</p><br>
<p>But there were also non-French Catholics. Over time their numbers grew and they werent satisfied with the French dominance at St Peters. In 1869 100 families split off under Father Mathias Schwebach and formed St. Josephs parish. Most of these families had German, Dutch or Irish roots. To hold the more diverse congregation together, services rotated between English, Dutch, German and Bohemian. Like St. Peters, St. Joseph&#39;s initially built a small wooden church building.</p><br>
<p>But the parishes grew. In 1895 St. Josephs replaced the wooden building with the brick church that stands today. Carlos Buck of Green Bay designed the new building in High Victorian Gothic style. From the rough stone foundation rise cream brick walls highlighted with red brick trim. Brick buttresses brace the walls. The main entrances on the front are three double doors. Above the central door is a stout tower braced by trompe-lœil flying buttresses. The tower rises to a pyramidal spire with four smaller spires on the corners. The large central spire is topped with a cross. Behind the tower, an octagonal roof lantern perches where the gables cross. Inside, the ceiling is decorated with ornamental plaster work. When the church was built, various national groups donated stained glass windows depicting their favored saints.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, four years after St. Josephs built, St. Peters replaced their wooden church with a brick one. This one was designed by Henry Foeller of Green Bay, done in Romanesque Revival style. Typical of that style, the foundation is rusticated stone and the arches are round-topped. It is all in red brick, with arcades and emphasis on the vertical. Above the one main front entrance is a tall central tower, with a conical spire topped with a cross. The apse at the back of the building is lit by oculi windows.</p><br>
<p>The Warfield, Pratt, and Howell Company Warehouse is an historic building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The building was built by wholesale grocer Warfield, Pratt, and Howell Company. Wilson R. Warfield and John W. Howell moved their business to Des Moines in 1860 and moved to this location in 1884. William J. Pratt joined the partnership in 1897. The structure is a six-story commercial and office building that rises 93 ft above the ground. The prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot & Bird designed the building, and it is considered a good example of warehouse construction from the turn of the 20th century. It was completed in 1901 with an addition completed in 1909. It features load bearing brick piers, bearing walls, and wood column and girder technology on the interior. Other wholesale firms were housed in the building after 1935. It was part of a redeveloped district in the 1980s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa Commission for the Blind Building is an historic building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States.</p><br>
<p>The building is a steel framed structure covered in brick. It is a nine-story state government office building that rises 95 ft above the ground. The building was completed in 1913 for use by the YMCA. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson in the Neoclassical style. When the YMCA moved to their present location in 1959, the state acquired the building for the Iowa Commission for the Blind. It was here that the commission, under the direction of Dr. Kenneth Jernigan transformed rehabilitation services for the blind in the state into what became known as the Iowa Model. It is based on the belief that with the proper training and opportunity, the blind can live productive and successful lives. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Hubbell Building is an historic building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It has been featured on the Discovery Channel show Dirty Jobs.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a steel framed structure covered in brick. It is a ten story building that rises 151 ft above the ground. The building was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson and completed in 1913. F. M. Hubbell, Son, & Company, Inc., a real estate firm established in 1887, had the building constructed. Their corporate headquarters that oversaw their various companies was located here. Most of the building was rented out to other firms. It was designed by the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson. Originally, the building had a more ornate appearance, but in the late 1940s part of the cornice fell onto sidewalk prompting its removal in 1948. It was replaced them with smooth concrete panels. The Des Moines architectural firm Brooks Borg, who designed that project also designed the simplification of the building&#39;s storefront level in 1950. In the later project, panels of dark green stone replaced terracotta pilasters, and cast concrete panels replaced terracotta window surrounds on the second floor and glass transoms on the first floor. The building was connected to the Des Moines skywalk system in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Grass Valley of Pershing County, Nevada is a 30 mi long valley located in the county&#39;s northeast. The north section of the valley is part of the southwest portion of Winnemucca on the Humboldt River. Clear Creek flows down the valley center, north-northwesterly and joins the Humboldt at Rose Creek, Nevada, 10-mi southwest of Winnemucca. The census-designated place of Grass Valley, with a population of 1,161, occupies the central 8 mi of the valley.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Grass Valley trends north-northwest and is nestled between two mountain ranges on the Humboldt River&#39;s south. The East Range is southwest, the Sonoma Range is north-northeast. The valley narrows at its south-southeast with the north terminus hills of the Tobin Range meeting the Sonoma Range.</p><br>
<p>The valley is widest at its center, about 9 mi. Clear Creek enters from the northeast just north of center, and it drains from the central massif of the Sonoma Range, Sonoma Peak, at 9,395 ft.</p><br>
<p>The valley narrows north and south to about 4 mi, but widens at the floodplain of the Humboldt River. The center of the valley is approximately just southwest of Clear Creek Ranch at the west foothills of the Sonoma Range.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The north of Grass Valley is traversed by Nevada State Route 294; for 5 mi into the valley it is paved. It becomes the unimproved road, Grass Valley Road, and goes through the valley center-east near the mountain foothills; 25 mi further it reaches Goldbanks (site) at the south terminus of Grass Valley, the northwest region of the Tobin Range. Grass Valley Road continues south through Paradise Valley, and then enters the north of Dixie Valley, (and Churchill County).</p><br>
<p>Tell Sukas  is a Late Bronze Age archaeological mound on the Eastern Mediterranean coast about 6 km south of Jableh, Syria.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Tell Sukas was located at the center of the fertile plain of Jableh on a hill with access to two natural harbors. There is evidence of an earlier Neolithic settlement at the site dating back to the seventh or sixth millennium BC. The site was identified as ancient Suksi, which was mentioned in the Ugarit tablets and was probably the southernmost port of the Kingdom of Ugarit. The Bronze Age settlement was probably destroyed along with the capital, Ugarit, during the Bronze Age collapse. The site was reused shortly thereafter and commercial activity at the Iron Age settlement can be traced again to at least the tenth century BC, when it became the port of Luhuti, A Phoenician settlement was established in the eighth century BC and the town thrived as a Greek trading outpost between c. 850 BC and c. 550 BC, when it was destroyed by the Babylonians. Recent excavations reveal that the site was inhabited again by the Phoenicians between 380 and 69 BC until it was destroyed again, possibly by an earthquake. It was later re-occupied for a short period by the Crusaders.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated in 1958–1963 by the Danish Carlsberg Expedition to Phoenicia under P.J. Riis. Excavations uncovered an early Iron Age cemetery south of the tell which was dated to between the 13th and 10th century BC. Excavations also uncovered a large seventh-century Phoenician temple. The abundance of Greek pottery and the discovery of Greek burial grounds suggest that the city became a permanent Hellenic outpost by 600 BC.</p><br>
<p>Oak Hill Estate, also known as Mt. St. Macrina and Fox Hill, is a historic estate located at North Union Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. On the property are seven contributing buildings, four contributing sites, and one contributing structure. The estate was developed in 1903, by coal baron J.V. Thompson, an associate of Henry Clay Frick. The estate was conceptualized by noted architect Daniel Burnham. The mansion is a 3-story, 42-room, 18,313 square foot, brick building in the Classical Revival style. Other contributing buildings include the a smaller residence built for Thompsons son, a pool house, carriage house / stable, pumphouse, schoolhouse / servants quarters, and garage. The contributing sites and structure are the Springer cemetery , west gate and drive, stone wall, and the remains of a small garage, race track, and conservatory / pool. The private estate was sold after Thompson&#39;s death in 1933, to the Sisters of the Order of St. Basil the Great.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Chicagon Mine Road–Chicagon Creek Bridge is a bridge located on Chicagon Mine Road over Chicagon Creek in Bates Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Chicagon Mine Road–Chicagon Creek Bridge was built in 1910, likely for the Iron County Road Commission. In the era before the standardization of bridge design by the Michigan State Highway Department, this bridge is a notable early example of a concrete slab bridge. The bridge is still in good condition.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chicagon Mine Road–Chicagon Creek Bridge has a main span 25 ft long and 16.3 ft wide. The bridge consists of a single concrete slab supported by concrete abutments with angled concrete wingwalls. The bridge has simple details, with the interior surface of the rails containing recessed panels, with "September 7, 1910" etched in the coping of one guardrail, and "DB" etched in the other.</p><br>
<p>Casa Navarro is a historic site in San Antonio, Bexar County, in the USA state of Texas. The original house complex was the residence of Texas patriot José Antonio Navarro , a rancher, merchant, leading advocate for Tejano rights, and one of only two native-born Texans to sign the Texas Declaration of Independence. Navarro first bought the property, about 1.5 acres, in 1832. The limestone, caliche block, and adobe structures were built c. 1832–1855, and Navarro moved onto the property soon after.</p><br>
<p>The site is situated in the heart of old San Antonio, in what used to be a thriving Tejano neighborhood known as Laredito. The structures were acquired and restored by the San Antonio Conservation Society between 1960 and 1964, and the site was opened to the public in October 1964. The site was designated a Texas State Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. On January 1, 2008, the house was transferred from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to the Texas Historical Commission. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.</p><br>
<p>Today, visitors can tour Navarro’s one-story limestone house — a fine example of early-statehood domestic architecture — read copies of his writing and discuss questions of history with informed staff. There is also a two-story square store and office building, noted for its bold quoins, which anchor the edges of the building’s walls. The detached adobe and caliche block kitchen is typical of early Texas architecture with front and rear porches.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Route 157–Tamarack River Bridge, also known as the San Souci Bridge, was a bridge located on Federal Forest Highway 157 over the Tamarack River in Stambaugh Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, and demolished in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the 1910s, a road was developed through Iron County running from Dickinson County through Crystal Falls and Iron River and on to Gogebic County. Between Iron River and the county line, the road crossed three rivers: Cooks Run River, the Paint River and the Tamarack River. In 1915 the Michigan State Highway Department let out contracts to construct 50 ft spans over each river; these bridges were designated Trunk Line Bridges 26, 27, and 28, respectively. Barnum and Counihan were awarded the contracts to build the bridges at Cooks Run and over the Tamarack River. The Tamarack River bridge was completed in 1916 at a cost of $2,826.10. The bridge was the last link in the trunk line route—then known as the "Cloverland Trail"—and in July 1916 was the site of the formal dedication of the route.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the Cloverland Trail developed into US Highway 2, but by 1942 the segment crossing the Tamarack River had been realigned, and the old section re-designated as a Forest Road in the Ottawa National Forest. The Forest Route 157–Tamarack River Bridge carried vehicular traffic, and was in essentially unaltered condition, up until its demolition in 2008. The bridge was technologically significant as one of the two oldest concrete girder bridges designed by the Michigan State Highway Department.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main span of the Forest Route 157–Tamarack River Bridge was 50 ft long and 19 ft wide, with a roadway width of 17 ft. The bridge represented a standard 1915–16 Michigan State Highway Department design. The bridge consisted of two concrete girders resting on concrete abutments with angled wingwalls. The bridge was modestly detailed, with recessed rectangular panels on the outside walls and bronze "Trunk Line Bridge" plates (since removed) on the girders&#39; inside walls.</p><br>
<p>The Mansfield Road–Michigamme River Bridge is a bridge located on Mansfield Road over the Michigamme River in Mansfield Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Mansfield was platted in 1889, and grew rapidly along with the nearby Mansfield Mine. However, in 1893, the mine collapsed and flooded, killing 27 miners. The mine closed, and Mansfield was leveled by a forest fire. In 1896, the mine was reopened, and was kept in operation until 1913.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1913, the Iron County Road Commission began the development of a trunk line route through Crystal Falls and into Mansfield. They planned further development of the route to the east, but this required that the bridge over the Michigammes River be replaced. In 1914, it was decided to replace the bridge. The Michigan State Highway Department designed a new bridge, and the contract to build it was awarded to McGrath and Sons of Green Bay, Wisconsin, for $9,769.06. The bride was completed in 1915. The trunk line through Mansfield was later incorporated into M-69, but by 1936 the highway was rerouted and the section of road containing this bridge was reverted to a county road.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the bridge was replaced with a replica.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mansfield Road–Michigamme River Bridge is 102 ft long and 20 ft wide, with a main span of 85 ft and a roadway width of 17.5 ft. It is a filled spandrel arch with an elliptical profile sitting atop concrete abutments. The tapered arch ring is corbeled on each side, and the guardrails contain panels. The Mansfield Bridge is significant as the longest of the early arched bridges designed by the Michigan State Highway Department.</p><br>
<p>The US 2–Iron River Bridge is a bridge located on Genesee Street  over the Iron River in Iron River, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Iron River was platted in 1881 along the Iron River. The river itself flowed through the center of town, and was an impediment to travel between the two sides of town. The first bridge spanning the river here was built in the 19th century; however, the boom in Iron River&#39;s population in the early 20th century, in addition to the designation of a state trunk line through Iron River, put a strain on the original structure. In the mid-1910s, the village requested the Michigan State Highway Department design a replacement. The department designed this structure, designating it Trunk Line Bridge No. 191, and awarded a contract for its construction to the Hoose and Person Construction Company. Hoose and Person completed the bridge in 1917 at a cost of $20,343.16, of which the village of Iron River paid approximately two-thirds. In the 1920s, the trunk line through Iron River was incorporated into US 2.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Iron River bridge is a filled spandrel arch bridge 55 ft long and 75 ft wide, with a roadway width of 45 ft. It has a tapered ring arch, corbeled slightly from the spandrel. Concrete guardrails with incised panels are on each side. The bridge is in essentially unaltered condition.</p><br>
<p>The Solvær islands are a group of islands in the municipality of Lurøy in Nordland county, Norway. They are located between the island of Lovund to the west and Onøya to the east. The islands are located about a 90-minute ferry ride west of the mainland. Due to the Gulf Stream, the climate is mild, with little snow despite its northern location.</p><br>
<p>The group consists of about 300 small and flat islands, some of which have permanent residents living on them. Some of the main, inhabited islands include Sleneset, Moflaget, Nord-Solvær, and Sør-Solvær. The main village area is Sleneset, which is also the port at which the local ferries stop on the way from Stokkvågen (on the mainland) to Lovund and Træna to the west. Moflag Church, located on the island Moflaget, is the local church for the islands.</p><br>
<p>Solvær has one of the highest densities of Eurasian eagle-owls in Europe.</p><br>
<p>The Iron County Courthouse is a government building located at the west end of Superior Avenue in Crystal Falls, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iron County was established in 1885, when it was split from Marquette County. At the time of Iron County&#39;s creation, Iron River, then the only incorporated village in the county, was designated the county seat. In 1889, the question was again put before voters, and this time Crystal Falls was selected by a margin of nearly 100 votes, which settled the question.</p><br>
<p>Bonds were issued for $30,000 to fund courthouse construction, who bid $26,470. However, Webber was unable to complete the work, and the county hired another contractor to complete the courthouse, entailing a revised total cost of about $40,000.</p><br>
<p>The clocktower and statures representing Law, Mercy, and Justice were added in 1910. In 2003-04 another wing was added to the building. by sandblasting and repairing the brickwork.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Iron County Courthouse is a 2-1/2 story Richardsonian Romanesque building sitting on a hilltop overlooking Crystal Falls&#39; business street. It is built with reddish brown brick walls with stone trim atop a rubble masonry foundation. The front facade has a conical tower on one corner and a square wooden tower topped by a belfry with hexagonal cupola on the other. A rock-face granite central archway contains the main entrance, which is approached via a stairway. Above the archway are the impressive 17-feet-high zinc statues representing Law, Mercy, and Justice.</p><br>
<p>Inside is a polished oak circuit courtroom. It has an octagonal ceiling covered with decorative pressed metal and a large chandelier with muses and dragons set into the center.</p><br>
<p>The Oskuya  is a river in Lyubytinsky, Malovishersky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Volkhov River. It is 114 km long, and the area of its basin 1,470 km&sup2;. The main tributary of the Oskuya is the Sharya .</p><br>
<p>The source of the Oskuya is in the western part of Lyubytinsky District, in a remote area several dozens kilometers west of the settlement of Nebolchi. The river flows west, crosses Malovishersky District, and turns northwest. It accepts the Sharya from the right and in the village of Oskuy sharply turns southwest. The mouth of the Oskuya is located west of the village of Gachevo.</p><br>
<p>The river basin of the Oskuya comprises areas in the west of Lyubytinsky District, in the northwest of Malovishersky District, in the north of Chudovsky District, as well as in the south of Kirishsky District of Leningrad Oblast.</p><br>
<p>Engine Company No. 19 is an historic fire station in Southeast Washington, D.C.&#39;s Penn Branch neighborhood. It was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 2009 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first fire station east of the Anacostia River was built in 1898. This station, designed by the Washington, D.C. architectural firm of Averill and Adams, was the fourth built there in 1910. The eclectic style, principally French revival, reflected the desire by the Office of the Municipal Architect to create unique designs for new fire stations. At the time, this part of the District of Columbia was considered a suburban district because it was beyond public water service and the street alarm system. Chemical Company Number 2 was housed here for that reason. The building’s hose tower was also used as a lookout post. It joined with the last of the District&#39;s Chemical companies in being converted to a regular engine company on January 1, 1921 when it became Engine Company 19. In 1925 it was the last company in the department to switch from horse drawn apparatus to motorized.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Roosevelt is an historic structure located in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. The building is now known as the Roosevelt Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The architectural firm of Krenn & Dato designed the building, which opened in 1927. It was known as Cedar Rapids&#39; premiere hotel at the time. The building is 12-stories tall and rises 132 ft above the ground. The exterior of the structure is clad in brick and features Regency-styled ornamentation that includes medallions, garlanded panels, and a row of finials along the parapet. The lobby and many of the public interior spaces were decorated in the Italian Renaissance Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was renovated in the 1990&#39;s to create rental units while retaining hotel rooms. It was in the midst of a $3 million to $4 million renovation when it was affected along with the rest of downtown Cedar Rapids by the Cedar River flood in the summer of 2008. A total of $14.4 million was then spent on the building to create 96 apartment units, which opened in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Bozeman Carnegie Library in Bozeman, Montana was built in 1903–1904 with funding from Andrew Carnegie. City librarian Bell Chrisman led the effort to convince the city to seek Carnegie funds. It is one of 17 libraries in Montana and 1,679 in the United States funded by Carnegie. It was built on a Greek Cross plan in Classical Revival style, with Roman Doric columns supporting a triangular pediment at its entrance. The library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 2, 1979. Today, the building houses the law offices of Cok Kinzler.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>By 1900, the small libraries that had served Bozeman since 1872 were inadequate. Local librarian Bell Chrisman wrote directly to Andrew Carnegie, explaining the need for a new library. Carnegie donated $15,000, and the city of Bozeman pledged annual support and provided land, which at the time happened to be across the street from the red-light district and Chinatown, which had opium dens. Reform-minded citizens with Progressive beliefs, led by Bell Chrisman, intentionally selected the location to rid Bozeman of its disreputable neighborhood. Although the proposed location met considerable opposition, Chrisman and her followers prevailed, and the red-light district and the Chinese population dwindled.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Charles S. Haire, an architect from Helena, Montana, and served as a library until 1980 when a new library was completed. The building then housed city offices. By the mid-1990s, the building was in a serious state of disrepair. In 1998, Michael Wheat, now a member of the Montana Supreme Court, and his law partner, Michael Cok, purchased the building for their law offices and undertook extensive renovations which were completed in 1999. Today, the building is often opened for public events, including Historic Preservation Week.</p><br>
<p>According to local preservationist B. Derek Strahn, several other buildings in Bozemans historic section were renovated in the 1990s and early 2000s, but "few have had as great an impact as the restoration and rehabilitation of Bozemans cherished Carnegie Library."</p><br>
<p>Loch Aan  is an exceedingly remote freshwater loch set deep within the central Cairngorms plateau, in the Cairngorms National Park, located in the eastern Highlands of Scotland. Loch Aan, also called Loch Avon, is the source of the River Avon. Loch Aan is oriented southwest-northeast and is bounded on three sides by precipitous mountains, cliffs and crags, with the North-East opening out to provide an outflow for the river through Glen Avon.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>To the north of the loch, rising almost vertically, lies the Cairn Gorm, the sixth highest mountain in the United Kingdom. To the southwest of Cairn Gorm, at the head of the loch, lies the imposing peak of Ben Macdui, the second highest mountain in the UK, and to east lies Beinn Mheadhoin, the tenth highest mountain in the UK, again rising almost vertically from the Loch A&#39;an basin. Lying less than 1 mile to the south of the loch and 664 ft feet higher up the range at 3,041 ft, lies Loch Etchachan.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Mary of Victories is a historic Roman Catholic church in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, in the Chouteau&#39;s Landing Historic District south of the Gateway Arch. It was established in 1843, and was the second Catholic Church to be built in the city. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built to serve the needs of about 500 families who had emigrated from Germany. It is located in the hub of the pioneer "Chouteau&#39;s Landing" District, one of the early commercial and residential neighborhoods where the German immigrants settled in pre-Civil War era St. Louis. It took its name from a noted feast day proclaimed by Pope St. Pius V to celebrate the victory of the Christian Navy over Islamic forces in the Battle of Lepanto, off the coast of Italy in the Adriatic Sea in 1571. The church is also a consecrated church (1866) at the direction of Pope Pius IX. It also has an indulgenced High Altar (where hundreds of relics of saints are entombed) bestowed by Pope Leo XIII in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys served as the first ethnic parish and spiritual home to the German Roman Catholic population of the city for the next century. It also provided a temporary home to a small community of Lebanese immigrants in the 20th-century, who went on to found a church in their own—present-day St. Raymond Maronite Cathedral in LaSalle Park neighborhood. St. Raymonds is now the Cathedral for the Maronite Eparchy west of the Mississippi River in the USA.</p><br>
<p>Its former Archbishop, Most. Rev. Robert J. Shaheen, built the present St. Raymond&#39;s Cathedral under his pastoral administration.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s saw the departure from the city of a large number of the families whose German ancestors had worshiped there. They were replaced by a large community of refugees from Hungary after World War II and the 1956 Hungarian Uprising. They gave new life to the parish, which became unofficially called the "Hungarian Church" (Magyar Templom).</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is also a consecrated Roman Catholic church; that is, the Vatican has bestowed the consecration privilege on the church itself by Pope Pius IX, performed with a specific ritual by St. Louis Archbishop Peter Richard Kenrick in 1866. Archbishop Kenrick anointed each of the interior walls of the church with chrism oil per the consecration ritual, and today, brass wall cross sconces (candleholders) are displayed on the walls noting the consecration locations. While all Catholic churches are blessed, only a few in a diocese are consecrated, and it assures the church may only be used for Roman Catholic worship and for no other purpose. The main altar of the church also has an Indulgence attached to it by Pope Leo XIII in 1896, granting temporal remission of sins at the time of death for those Catholics saying the specific prayers, and dying in the state of grace.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>George I. Barnett and Franz Saler, the distinguished architects of St. Mary&#39;s Church, designed it in accordance with that of the early 16th-Century Mannerist style. The nave is rectangular and, with the transept, forms a cross with the sanctuary at its head. The choir loft is located on the second tier of the two-tier balcony at the rear of the church. Its ornate wooden-carved organ case and stenciled display pipes are among the oldest in St. Louis.</p><br>
<p>Eight tall stained-glass windows with rounded frames grace the nave and the transept, complementing the high arch of the sanctuary. The Egyptian-style doorway to the church is framed by two massive pillars that hold up the heavy wooden cross above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The interior of St. Mary of Victories is also remarkable as the first interior in a St. Louis church whose design was based upon liturgical studies. It was developed and constructed by Max Schneiderhahn, the city&#39;s first professional church artist. Himself a German immigrant, Schneiderhahn studied at a German university and two monasteries, bringing the craftsmanship tradition of liturgical art to the St. Louis area. The altars, statuary, steepled baptismal font, communion rail, carvings and frescoes were all conceived and executed by Schneiderhahn, who also painted the Stations of the Cross.</p><br>
<p>Within its hallowed walls are also other liturgical art treasures and fixtures donated at later dates by other Roman Catholic religious orders and communities in the metro St. Louis area, particularly those of German origin, including the School Sisters of Notre Dame, the Franciscan Sisters of Mary, the Mill Hill Fathers, and the group promoting the canonization of Blessed Francis X. Seelos, C.SS.R., a Bavarian Redemptorist immigrant priest who worked with mid-19th century German immigrants in St. Louis, Baltimore, and New Orleans. (His statue, minted by the Vatican Statuary Foundry, stands on a reconstructed side altar made of the communion rail from the old St. Malachys Church in the Mill Creek Valley (now demolished), once used by the later-dated, now-closed St. Timothy Parish in Affton, MO. A copy of Bl. Seelos bronze death mask, one of five in the world, is also on permanent display).</p><br>
<p>The Hungarian Roman Catholic faith community also honors the famed Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty of Hungary with a carved white marble plaque in the sanctuary, noting his visit to this church in the 1970s. The late Cardinal-Archbishop of Budapest-Esztergom participated in a special Mass, seminar and dinner at the visit sponsored by the parish and the Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation of the USA Mindszenty is regarded as a great hero to the Hungarian people around the world for his resistance to atheistic Communism and totalitarianism in the 1950s, as well as to those of other nations. The Hungarian Ladies Society of the church has also embroidered most of the decorative altar linens used on its many altars and shrines throughout the liturgical year.</p><br>
<p>Two noted historically-recent popes are also commemorated, featuring their stenciled coat of arms on the ornate painted ceiling of Old St. Mary&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Pope John Paul II has his blue-and-gold coat of arms over the church crossing (featuring the old papal tiara, or three-tiered crown), while Pope Benedict XVI (formerly Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger), has his papal coat-of-arms displayed over the choir loft featuring the more-updated mitre in place of the tiara. (As the first German-background church in the Archdiocese, it iwas the only parish with Pope Benedict XVI&#39;s coat-of-arms on public display in the fabric of the church building).</p><br>
<h2>Historic connections</h2><br>
<p>It was in St. Mary of Victories that the Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos, C.Ss.R., made his Missouri preaching debut. Together with his Redemptorist companions, Fathers Schneider, Jacob and Gulielm, Seelos preached a parish mission in German from the first to fifteenth of October 1865. The side altar in the south middle portion of the nave of the church honors his role in the historic parish&#39;s development.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, five women came to St. Louis from Germany, under the leadership of Mother Mary Odilia Berger, having been unable to live out their lives of religious dedication and service due to the policies of the German government known as the Kulturkampf. They found lodging in an attic in the church complex, having the same door to their residence as to the church. They organized themselves in 1874 as a religious congregation under the name of the Franciscan Sisters of St. Mary, taking their name from the church. The healing and therapeutic ministry of their Order continues in today&#39;s SSM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, a St. Louis-based hospital/nursing organization which operates hospitals and medical care facilities throughout the Midwest and the Mid-South. A bronze plaque mounted on the back wall to the left of the entrance honors the American foundation of the Sisters of St. Mary.</p><br>
<p>Brownsville Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located adjacent to the Brownsville Northside Historic District at Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 55 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the central business district of Brownsville. Most of the contributing buildings are three and four-story brick commercial buildings built between 1900 and 1930, with four buildings dated to the 19th century. The oldest building is the Flatiron Building . Other notable buildings include the International Order of Odd Fellows Building , Monongahela National Bank , Second National Bank , Snowden Building , Union Station , Plaza Theater , Crawford Building , and Borough Building . The contributing structures are the separately listed Dunlap&#39;s Creek Bridge and a stone railroad tunnel .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Brownsville Northside Historic District is a national historic district located adjacent to the Brownsville Commercial Historic District at Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 188 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in a neighborhood of Brownsville. Most of the contributing buildings are residential, with some commercial buildings and nine churches. The house styles are reflective of a number of popular 19th- and early-20th-century architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Bungalow / American Craftsman, and Greek Revival. The oldest building is Brashears Tavern , and there are five buildings that date between 1815 and 1840. The contributing sites are cemeteries associated with two of the churches. Located in the district and separately listed are the St. Peters Church and Bowman&#39;s Castle.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Dawson Historic District is a national historic district located at Dawson, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 107 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Dawson. The oldest building is the log Cochran House . Most of the contributing buildings were built between 1870 and 1940, and are representative of a number of popular architectural styles including Bungalow / American Craftsman, Classical Revival, and Queen Anne. Other notable buildings include the Dawson Baptist Church , James Cochran House, W. H. Cochran House , Rist House , First National Bank , and Masonic Hall . The Cochran Memorial United Methodist Church is located in the district and listed separately.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Old Rectory  is a ruin of a former rectory in the village of Warton, near Lancaster, Lancashire, England. Owned by English Heritage, it has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Believed to have been constructed in the early 14th century as the official residence of the rector at St Oswald&#39;s Church, probably by two of the younger sons of Marmaduke de Thweg. Manorial courts were also held here. Built of limestone rubble walls with sandstone dressings, a cross passage originally separated the full height great hall in the southern side, from service rooms and a first floor chamber in the north. The doorway at the eastern end of the cross passage is interpreted as the main entrance, while the western one led to a garden, both originally had a porch. A doorway in the northern gable wall led to a courtyard with an external kitchen and well. In the south-west corner of the great hall is a doorway that led to another building which survives as part of the modern vicarage. And the southern gable had an ogee quatrefoiled window under the apex to provide light.</p><br>
<p>It not known exactly when the rectory was abandoned but it was a ruin by 1721. Some time later, a cottage was constructed in the north end of the ruin, which was occupied well into the last century, however these additions have since been removed. The ruin is considered to be well preserved with the gables surviving to almost full height and open to the public, free of charge.</p><br>
<h2>Media galley</h2><br>
<p>Lonesomehurst Cabin is a log cabin style recreational residence on the west side of the South Fork Arm of Hebgen Lake near West Yellowstone, in Gallatin County, Montana. Hebgen Lake is on the Madison River. There are three buildings on the site: a wood frame cabin constructed circa 1919, a log boathouse built in 1958, and a wood frame outhouse built about 1930. The cabin is at the south end of the site, which is 8 mi west of West Yellowstone and the entrance to Yellowstone National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cabin sits among fir trees and was originally built 1919–1920 and remodeled in 1932–33, 1939, and 1973. It is a 1 story building with stone steps and a concrete stoop at the door. There is a fish motif rock mosaic, picnic area, and a row of rocks surrounds the cabin on three sides. Its dimensions are 30 ft north/south by 33 ft east/west. It has a steep gable roof with asphalt shingles. The exterior has 1950s-era log cabin-appearing lap wood with rabbetted cornerboards. There are three bedrooms, a dining room, a bathroom—added in 1973, a screened in porch, and enclosed shed. The furniture is made of rustic wood. Several examples of fish art adorn the walls.</p><br>
<p>The outhouse is 4 x, plank board walls, rolled roofing, and has no foundation. It is northwest of the cabin. The boathouse is 13 x is also northwest of the cabin. It has a concrete foundation and walls of concrete and flat sawn logs. The roof is gable with green metal roofing. The east wall with a wooden overhead garage door faces the lake and there is a concrete boat ramp. The interior has wooden walls and a concrete floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Shoshone people were the predominant native people in this area. The first non-native people to arrive were fur trappers and traders who came in the 1820s. Two historic trails pass near here along the South Fork of the Madison River, the Bannock Trail which follows the trail system of the native people, and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail, which Chief Joseph led his Nez Perce tribe along during the 1877 Nez Perce War.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was built pursuant to the Term Occupancy Act of 1915, which allowed private recreational residences to be built on United States Forest Service land from 1915–-1932. It was originally built by a group of fishermen from Salt Lake City who came to the region every year to fish the South Fork of the Madison River. They originally traveled by train and then by covered wagon over the Continental Divide. John Horlick was a member of this fishing group and the original owner of the cabin, which was then located within the Madison National Forest. The Madison National Forest became part of the Hebgen Lake Ranger District of the Gallatin National Forest in 1931. The cabin is the earliest permitted cabin within this tract.</p><br>
<p>Running water was added about 1939. Additions over the years to all three structures have retained their original character and appearance. A significant change to the site was caused by the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake when Hebgen Lake receded by 22 ft, raising the south shore and lowering the north shore, leaving a wide gravel beach along the lakefront of the cabins on the southern side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 2006, the Forest Service&#39;s Northern Region began encouraging qualifying buildings to be nominated for listing as National Registered Historic Place.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>The Gallatin National Forest operates campsites nearby on the public recreational Lonesomehurst tract with 27 campsites, 5 of them with electricity, on a first-come, first-served basis. Boat ramps are nearby.</p><br>
<p>West Doubtful Canyon was the name of one of two canyons in the Peloncillo Mountains, once considered in the 19th century as one canyon "Doubtful Canyon" that served as the pass through those mountains. Today the canyon bearing the name Doubtful Canyon, is mostly in Cochise County, Arizona, near the New Mexico border. It descends to the east into the Animas Valley past Steins Peak it is in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The western canyon is now called West Doubtful Canyon and it descends into the San Simon Valley, in Cochise County, Arizona.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain water sources and the low north south divide that lay between the two Doubtful canyons made it a favored shortcut to the Southern Emigrant Trail wagon road for east west travelers. Doubtful Canyon and West Doubtful Canyon formed the pass where the Butterfield Overland Mail passed through the Peloncillo Mountains. However it earned its name for it was a favored site for ambushes by the Apache during the Apache Wars.</p><br>
<p>The Landfair Apartments, is a historic two-building multi-family complex located on the southwest corner of Landfair Avenue and Ophir Drive in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<p>It was designed in 1937 in the International style of architecture by noted Los Angeles Modernist architect Richard Neutra. It originally consisted of five townhouses and two apartments, but was purchased in 1941 by the University Cooperative Housing Association. The Landfair Apartments were colloquially known as "The Glass House" and was renamed Robison Hall after UCHA member Everett Robison was drafted and killed in action in World War II.</p><br>
<p>More recently while being upgraded to meet current codes by UCLA, the exterior was restored to its original appearance and one apartment was also restored to its original appearance.</p><br>
<p>On May 20, 1987, the City of Los Angeles designated the building a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<p>Peabody City Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2012, and the sixth NRHP listing in Peabody, Kansas, United States. The park is approximately 3 blocks by 2 blocks in size and located in southwest Peabody.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1875, the first agricultural "county fair" was held at the current park location. It was held annually for many years by the Marion County Agricultural Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1881, the Fair Floral Exhibition Hall was built, west of the football field at the top of the hill. The building is unique because of its octagon walls. It is the only remaining fair building and not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>In September 1885, the Kansas State Fair was held at Peabody during the first four days of the month. An outstanding feature of the state fair was "the First Monument to General Grant", who died shortly before the fair. The temporary monument was an obelisk about 40 ft tall, and built from forty bushels of ears of corn. The fair had a grandstand, which could hold 2000 people, to view horse races. The race track was used for a variety of events, including horse walking teams in harness, trotting, running, pacing, mule racing, and daily chariot races. A dining hall was built that was capable of feeding 10,000 people each day.</p><br>
<p>Peabody was the home of famous race horses around the turn of the century. Three of the more famous horses were world champions. Joe Young (known as the "iron horse") sold for $10,000 by C.E. Westbrook, the first horse west of the Mississippi River to sell for such a high price. Joe Young sired Joe Patchen in 1889, who earned his owner $40,000 in race purses and then was sold for $44,000. Joe Patchen sired Dan Patch in 1896, a horse that sold in 1907 for $60,000. Other famous local racing horses included trotters McKinney, and Silver Sign. Silverthorne toured Austria where he competed for three years against the best race horses in Europe.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, the Marion County Agricultural Society sold the fair grounds to the city of Peabody, which renamed it the Peabody City Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) built the football stadium limestone bleachers, west and north walls, picnic tables, fire pits, and various items in the park.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 through 1960, the high school boys baseball (Class B) state tournaments were held at the baseball diamond.</p><br>
<p>In 1960s and 1970s, up to 30,000 or more people attended the Independence Day Celebration on July 4 at the park, including a Carnival of rides.</p><br>
<p>In November 1977, the high school boys football (Class 2A) state final was held at the park. Beloit took 1st place and Peabody took 2nd Place. It is also notable because the Peabody head coach was Dennis Franchione.</p><br>
<p>In July 2011, will mark the 90th year of fireworks at the park. The fireworks are infamous for the ending display named Battle of New Orleans, which explodes over 1 Million individual items.</p><br>
<p>In January 2012, the park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>The park has a playground equipment area. There are picnic tables and shelters located throughout the park. It is open to the public as weather permits.</p><br>
<p>It has the following sports facilities:</p><br>
<p>Football field. The Peabody-Burns High School football team plays their home games here each fall.</p><br>
<p>Baseball field. Open year around as weather permits.</p><br>
<p>Outdoor swimming pool. Open approximately memorial day to labor day.</p><br>
<p>Diniktum, inscribed Di-ni-ik-tum, was a middle bronze-age town located somewhere in the lower Diyala region of Mesopotamia, on the Tigris river downstream from Upi and close to the northern border of Elam. It is possibly at or in the vicinity of Tell Muḥammad, which lies in south-eastern part of modern Baghdad. It is mentioned in the Harmal geographical list.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It enjoyed independence briefly during the 18th century under the reigns of the Amorite chieftains (ra-bí-an MAR.DÚ) Itur-šarrum, attested on a single seal from Ešnunna, and Sîn-gāmil, son of Sîn-šēmi and a contemporary of Zimri-Lim (ca. 1710–1698 BC short) of Mari and Ḫammu-rapī (ca. 1728–1686 BC short) of Babylon. In an old Babylonian letter from Yarim-Lim I, the king of Iamḫad whose capital was Halab, ancient Aleppo, to the Yašub-Yahad, the king of Dēr, he says:</p><br>
<p>Ikūn-pî-Sîn (“The word of Sin is truthful”), the ruler of Nērebtum and possibly Tutub, cities in the sphere of Ešnunna, has a year name: “Year when Ikū(n)-pî-Sîn captured Diniktum." It was absorbed into the kingdom of Ešnunna and consequently embroiled in its conflicts with Elam during the reigns of Ibāl-pî-El II (ca. 1715–1701 BC short) and Ṣillī-Sîn (ca. 1700–1698 BC short). The town was still settled in the later bronze-age, as a year name gives ““the year Kadašman-Ḫarbe, the king, dug the canal of Diniktum.” Kadašman-Ḫarbe was a Kassite king of Babylon of the late 15th century.</p><br>
<p>Uniontown Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 113 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district of Uniontown. Most of the contributing buildings were built between 1881 and 1932, and are representative of a number of popular architectural styles including Classical Revival, Moderne, Late Victorian, and Georgian. Twenty-two buildings date between 1811 and 1860. Notable buildings include the Fayette Bank Building , Thompson-Ruby Building , Highland House , State Music Hall , Exchange Hotel , Galltin Apartments , Gallatin Bank Building , Federal Building , Fayette County Courthouse , County Building , Central School , and St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, with a boundary increase in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Whitsett Historic District is a national historic district located at Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 48 contributing buildings and 5 contributing structures in the bituminous coal mining community of Whitsett. Most of the contributing buildings were built between 1890 and 1917, and 31 of the contributing buildings are two-story, frame duplex workers housing. The oldest building is the Whitsett farmhouse, built about 1845. Other buildings and structures include three mine manager&#39;s dwellings, two brick former mine buildings, the former company store annex, the former water pumphouse, the remains of the Banning Mine No. 2 entrance, foundation of the Banning Mine No. 2 tipple complex, the mine slate dump, beehive coke oven battery, and the abandoned Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Connellsville Branch.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Star Junction Historic District is a national historic district located at Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 163 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the bituminous coal mining community of Star Junction. Most of the contributing buildings were built between 1892 and 1918, and 130 of the contributing buildings are two-story, frame duplex workers housing. The oldest building is the Whitsett farmhouse, built about 1845. Other buildings and structures include 22 mine manager&#39;s dwellings , two former mine buildings, two churches, a parsonage, two commercial buildings, a concrete highway bridge , and earthen dam reservoir .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Burica Peninsula is a coastal relief that juts south into the Pacific Ocean and is divided into two areas: the west side belongs to Costa Rica, and the area that belongs to Panama, which dominates the east and about two-thirds of the peninsula. The Costa Rican side is the southernmost of the country . On this peninsula there are several points including Punta Burica  southernmost point of the peninsula, Punta Gorda and Punta El Mangle .</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>This area is inhabited by people whose main activity is fishing.</p><br>
<p>The Panamanian section is in Chiriquí Province, with the city of Puerto Armuelles, the most populous of the peninsula. Other localities include Guanábano, Las Mellizas, and Limones. On the Costa Rican side stands the village of Las Peñas. In 2006 Panama allocated a special area for industrial development in the area.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Shoaf Historic District is a national historic district located at Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 39 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 5 contributing structures related to coke production in the community of Shoaf. The community was first established between 1903 and 1905 by the H. C. Frick & Company, and most of the contributing buildings were built between 1903 and the 1920s. The workers housing largely consists of semi-detached frame dwellings. Mine and processing related buildings and structures include three original batteries of coke ovens , wood and steel tipple , mine entrance tipple , brick power house , brick blacksmith and carpenter shop , and concrete block supply house . Other buildings include the St. Helens Roman Catholic Church rectory and a multiple-car garage .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Smock Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklin Township and Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 177 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, 7 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the coal mining community of Smock. Most of the contributing buildings and structures were built between the 1880s and 1923. They include the extractive and archaeological remains of Colonial Mines No. 1 and 2 and related coke operations, 109 company built dwellings , the Redstone Creek bridge, and the Smock War Monument. Other buildings include three schools, the company store, three churches, and a movie theater.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel  is a historic chapel located at the Miramar district in Santurce, Puerto Rico. Its distinctive architecture bears a neo-Gothic style. It was designed by Czech architect Antonin Nechodoma and built in 1908.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was acquired in 1906 and the first stone was placed in 1907. The design of the chapel was made by Czech architect Antonin Nechodoma, who lived in Puerto Rico. The chapel was finally opened in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the chapel was used by a Methodist Episcopal church. After that, it was occupied by the Union Church. Owners Pedro Santiago and Catalina Mejía de Santiago gave the building as a present to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Puerto Rico on February 17, 1959.</p><br>
<p>Due to its unique architecture and historic nature, the chapel was included on the National Register for Historic Places on September 25, 1984.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1982, the chapel was already abandoned and deteriorated. Elba Armstrong started an initiative to restore it. Along with members of the Lourdes Association, the restoration project had a cost of $24,300. Armstrong worked with architect Pablo Ojeda O&#39;Neill and with the contributions of private and government entities.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the final restoration of the 24 stained-glass windows was done with a $13,500 donation of Angel Ramos Foundation. From 1990 to 1991, thanks to a $10,000 donation from the Senate of Puerto Rico, along with $5,000 more from Angel Ramos Foundation, the asbestos portions of the roof were replaced.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the Jesus and the Children and the Holy Spirit stained-glass windows were restored, with a $22,000 donation from Esso Standard Oil Company. The damaged frame of the windows was also built anew. 1993 saw the altar floor replaced by new wooden floors, identical to the original ones. This was achieved with a $19,000 donation from the Puerto Rican Committee for the Fifth Centenary of the Discovery of Puerto Rico. Also, a mosaic similar to the one in the main hall was found and installed in the side hall, the sacristy, and the bathroom.</p><br>
<p>The furniture and the doors from the sacristy were designed by Ojeda and built in mahogany, and the bell was built in Spain.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure features a bell tower with four gargoyles that serve as a drainage system for the rain water. The tower itself features double arches with slight points. The main facade also features a stained-glass window with a smaller one on top. A celtic cross rests at the pinnacle of the church. The side windows also have stained-glass windows. The interior is simple with wood finishes. The chapel has only one central chamber with an A-frame apex roof.</p><br>
<p>The Redstone Historic District is located in and near the unincorporated community of that name in western Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. It includes the original community of Redstone as built by Colorado Fuel and Iron  for the coal miners it employed. In 1989 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Redstone was originally a company town. John Cleveland Osgood, CFIs president at the time, spent lavishly to create quality housing for miners and their families, as well as various other public buildings, in an effort to forestall unionization. Architect Theodore Boal designed simple yet attractive structures by adapting various Victorian architectural styles. The district includes as contributing properties Osgoods estate, Cleveholm, and the Redstone Inn.</p><br>
<p>At first very populous and successful due to the high production capacity of the nearby coke ovens, Redstone was almost abandoned within a decade when it became too costly to transport coke from the remote community to CFIs new steel mill. A handful of residents remained, keeping Redstone from becoming another one of Colorados many ghost towns. Some of its original buildings were demolished over the years. Eventually the town rebounded slightly and today is home to a small arts community; many of the remaining buildings have been restored. It is one of the few intact company towns remaining in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is formed by the original townsite for Redstone, using original surveyed lot boundaries on the north, south and east. It is a strip of land running north-south along the Crystal River for a mile and a half (1.5 mi). Redstone Boulevard (also County Route 3), lined with some of its original Llewellyn Westinghouse cast iron streetlamps, is the backbone of the district.</p><br>
<p>On the west its boundary follows either State Highway 133 or the east bank of the for roughly one mile from 242 Redstone, and the parallel point on Hill Road, in the north, the limit of the historic portion of town, to where Hawk Creek flows into the Crystal south of Osgood Castle. The 493 acre within those boundaries make it the largest of the four historic districts in the county.</p><br>
<p>It includes 32 buildings, three structures and one object. Most of the buildings are small wood frame cottages; the larger buildings are primarily located along the mountain slopes. Two of the larger buildings, the castle and the Redstone Inn, are themselves listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>A bridge leads across the river to Highway 133, the only road to Redstone. Just across it is the smaller Redstone Coke Oven Historic District, the remains of the coking facilities that employed many Redstone residents during the peak of its prosperity. On either side of Redstone, mountains rise to summits over 12,000 ft. Their slopes are mostly undeveloped and part of White River National Forest. The eastern slopes are additionally part of the Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness that separates Redstone from the county seat, Aspen, 45 mi due east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of Redstone parallels the history of the industrialization of the West. After a long prehistory of exploration and colonization, the town&#39;s remote resources were exploited and made accessible for a brief period of prosperity. Once the mining stopped, the town faded almost as quickly as it grew. It has avoided becoming a ghost town by embracing tourism.</p><br>
<h3>1700s–1860: European settlement of the Crystal River Valley</h3><br>
<p>Traders and trappers working for the Astor family in the 1830s were the first Europeans to visit the region. John C. Frémont led two American expeditions during the 1840s. Later came prospectors looking unsuccessfully for gold.</p><br>
<p>Treaties with the Utes, the Native American tribe that had long claimed the Crystal Valley and other lands in todays Pitkin County as home, made it more amenable to settlement after the Civil War. The state and federal governments hoped that mineral resources in the region might developed that way, but did not know what those resources might be. Ferdinand Vandeveer Haydens 1873 survey provided some answers, in the form of rich coal deposits in the mountains. He also gave many of the mountains and streams their names.</p><br>
<h3>1880–1900: Early mine development</h3><br>
<p>In the portions of the upper Crystal Valley located in what is today Gunnison County, settlement, Crystal and Schofield, now ghost towns, sprung up around early silver and lead strikes. By 1880 the Ute had been forced to cede their land and leave the area for reservations. With this last impediment to potential riches removed, prospectors and other fortune seekers were everywhere in the valley.</p><br>
<p>Among them was John C. Osgood, doing a survey of the state&#39;s coal resources for the coal company he worked for and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CBQRR), one of its major customers. The coal in the Crystal valley was plentiful and of high enough quality that he started his own company, Colorado Fuel. His main customer was a CBQRR subsidiary, the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. As he sold to them he bought land, hoping to exploit one day deposits of coal that would make high-quality coke.</p><br>
<p>To realize these plans, it would be necessary to build transportation infrastructure. The company took the legal steps necessary to build both a toll road and railroad. Apart from some surveying, nothing else was accomplished. A line that might have connected to the valley, the Aspen and Western Railway, was built to coalfields at Willow Park near Carbondale in 1888 by Colorado Fuel&#39;s main rival at the time. It was abandoned as quickly as it had been built when the coal proved inferior.</p><br>
<p>The two companies merged in 1892 and became Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I). It soon became the largest coal mining company in the entire West, responsible for two-thirds of Colorado&#39;s output. The profits from these endeavors at last gave Osgood the capital he needed to fully exploit the Crystal valley. Due to bank failures around Colorado and other aftereffects of the Panic of 1893, it took the rest of the 1890s before financing was in place and actual construction could start.</p><br>
<p>From the railroad line, a narrow gauge spur would parallel Coal Creek, climbing up 12 mi and 2,200 ft to an area where the coal was pure, with almost no ash, thus ideal for coking. At that site the town of Coalbasin was built. Where it reached the main line in the valley, at the coke ovens, the coal and coke would be taken to Carbondale and points elsewhere by the Denver and Rio Grande Western and Colorado Midland. The town around that junction was named Redstone, for the high cliffs of orange sandstone in the mountains above.</p><br>
<h3>1900–1903: Company town</h3><br>
<p>Almost 250 ovens were built by workers from Denver to handle the Coalbasin coal, making it the largest such facility in the state. The workers there, 10% of all the workers in the state at that time, were predominantly immigrants from Eastern Europe whom the company had recruited from the East. The miners, by contrast, were usually longtime Colorado residents who had worked in mines elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Mining towns in 19th-century Colorado had often been built by the miners themselves out of whatever material they could find and assemble in their spare time. Often these wound up being log cabins covered with rock and dirt. The companies had to provide other public services due to the remoteness of many camps, but did nothing to provide living quarters. In the labor unrest of the era, the shabby and unsafe housing, which miners often shared with their families, were a frequent source of complaint.</p><br>
<p>Osgood, who had built his estate nearby, thought it was time to change that. The miners would be happier if they lived in decent accommodations, and happier miners would be more productive and less likely to strike. Inspired by the company towns built in New England, and more recently Pullman, Illinois, established by that company for its workers, he decided that Redstone would be a model for other CFI towns.</p><br>
<p>After adding running water and building homes at El Moro, a camp near Trinidad, CFI concluded it was possible to do the same on a larger scale with Redstone. At the time the miners&#39; shacks were clustered around the coke ovens on the western side of the river. Osgood decided the company town would be on the other side, away from an improvised, unplanned development that represented the way mining communities had been to that point. There, he hoped, the workers would live "free of strife and want." CFI established a Sociological Department to oversee education, social and industrial training, housing and communications.</p><br>
<h4>Plan</h4><br>
<p>A planned townsite was laid out. There would be two streets, River Road (now Redstone Boulevard), the main street, and Hill Road, a side street slightly uphill from it to the east. In between there were occasional alleys and back streets with switchbacks. River Road ran all the way south to Osgood&#39;s estate. A railroad spur crossed the Crystal to run between River Road and the river, for passenger traffic and freight shipments to the town, allowing the main line to be used exclusively for coal and coke loading and unloading at the ovens. The commercial center of Redstone would be at the rail depot, just opposite the coke ovens; the rest of the town would be residential.</p><br>
<p>Theodore Boal, who had designed Osgood Castle, was commissioned to supervise the design of Redstone&#39;s buildings. He adapted many popular Victorian styles to the mountain setting. In particular, he was enamored of the Swiss chalet style, popularized a half-century earlier by the influential Eastern architect and critic Andrew Jackson Downing in his pattern book The Architecture of Country Houses. On that basic form, he chose decorative elements from the Shingle, Dutch Colonial Revival and Tudorbethan styles.</p><br>
<p>The first group of one-story frame cottages, meant for the coke oven workers, was finished in 1901. Structurally they were an improvement over the improvised shacks they were intended to replace. Instead of the board-and-batten siding common in other late 19th-century Colorado mining towns, they had clapboard or shiplap, painted in pleasant, "restful" pastel colors. Half-timber was a common decorative feature. Windows were generally two-over-two double-hung sash. At the rooflines were wide overhanging eaves meant to provide shelter from bad weather, decorated with wavy vergeboards and shaped wooden brackets. Their main blocks&#39; hipped roofs, considered more picturesque by Downing, were pierced by gabled dormers and center chimneys. They were complemented by gabled or shed roofs on the porches. Many had outbuildings, some even themselves with decoration. Inside, the houses had three to five rooms. Amenities included electricity, provided at 35 cents ($) a month in modern dollars a month from a hydroelectric plant the company built on the Crystal, and running water, luxuries unknown to worker housing in previous mining towns.</p><br>
<p>Larger buildings included the Tudor Revival Redstone Inn, originally a 40-room dormitory for the unmarried employees, at the south end of the center of town. In addition to electricity and running water, it had telephones, a barbershop, laundry and reading room. The company store at the north end was a timber frame building closer in style to the cottages. Behind it were a fenced park and Lake Gibb, which froze over and allowed for ice skating in the winter.</p><br>
<p>On Hill Road near the store were the Tudor Revival school, with a stone entrance tower. The company paid for the teachers and textbooks. The school had one of the earliest kindergartens in Colorado. In addition to educating the children of the miners, the school also did what is today called adult education. English classes were offered to students parents, particularly those employed at the ovens, so they could work more efficiently. Workers wives attended classes in "domestic science", what is known today as home economics.</p><br>
<p>Nearby was the two-and-a-half-story wood-frame Redstone Club, recreational facilities for the workers. It included a billiard and pool room, reading room, and bar. At the latter facility, treating others to drinks was prohibited, a policy that CFI had implemented in Coalbasin and found effective in limiting the impact of alcohol consumption on the quality of life. Upstairs was a theater; the basement held showers, baths and dressing rooms.</p><br>
<p>The club was complemented by the Big Horn Lodge across the river, meant for company meetings, banquets and entertaining guests from out of town. Its amenities included a bowling alley in the basement. It was less preferable for this purpose since the air around it was often polluted by smoke from the coke ovens. Nearby was the town cemetery and public gardens. Each family was offered a plot where, it was hoped, they could grow fresh vegetables, and perhaps raise a cow as well for milk. The company built a 195 ft barn to house workers&#39; livestock.</p><br>
<p>Near the power plant was the firehouse. It was a two-story frame building with half-timbers, wood shingles and diamond-paned windows. Inside was one hand-drawn pumper.</p><br>
<p>Construction continued throughout 1902, as the ovens went full blast. Redstone attracted national attention. At that year&#39;s St. Louis Exposition, it received an award.</p><br>
<p>By 1903 83 cottages had been completed. South of the center of town a second group was started. These were intended for miners, middle managers and white-collar workers. They were located between two of the larger houses meant for senior managers. Architecturally they were similar to the workers&#39; cottages in the center of town, but they were located on larger lots on the hillside with greater setbacks from the road, giving them a view over the valley. Mature trees were left standing, making the neighborhood seem carefully landscaped</p><br>
<p>Just north of Osgoods estate, at the south end of River Road, were the houses of senior managers. They were the largest (save the castle), with more sweeping views and more elaborate ornamentation. A map from the time identifies one on the hillside above Hill Road as the superintendents house.</p><br>
<p>While they lived at the estate, Osgood and his wife, Alma, were a frequent presence among the workers. The two regularly attended public ceremonies and celebrations. Osgood personally checked on how miners were doing and donated supplies when needed.</p><br>
<h3>1904–present: Decline and preservation</h3><br>
<p>As construction was completed, CFI was encountering financial difficulties due to strikes at its facilities elsewhere in the state and its heavy investment in its Pueblo plant. To resolve them, Osgood was forced to surrender control of the company to interests controlled by the Gould and Rockefeller families. He remained active in the state, starting the Victor American Fuel Company, which became CFIs major competitor. But he began spending more time back in New York and less in Redstone, making him less able to guide the towns progress. The new managers cared less about the community than he had.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, CFI decided to consolidate all coke production at Pueblo as it was too expensive to maintain the Redstone facility. The ovens were shut down that year; the mines at Coalbasin the next. Redstone dwindled to a small caretaker population of less than a dozen.</p><br>
<p>Osgood eventually closed down his estate in 1913. He continued to be involved in the Colorado mining industry, and was questioned by both state and federal investigators in the wake of the Ludlow Massacre the following year, in which workers at CFI mines in the south central region of the state revolted against the paternalist approach the company took, where it had provided schools, libraries and churches for miners yet continued to engage in exploitative labor practices in the mines. In the aftermath John D. Rockefeller felt that Osgoods recalcitrance and apparent insensitivity to the miners concerns there vindicated his belief that poor character led to social conflict.</p><br>
<p>In 1924 Osgood returned to Redstone. He and his third wife, Lucille, took up residence in the castle once again and began redeveloping it as a resort. Ill with cancer, he died the following year and his ashes were scattered over the valley. Lucille inherited the estate, and finished the redevelopment, only to have the hotel fail quickly as the Great Depression ruined the tourist trade.</p><br>
<p>Just 14 people lived in Redstone by 1941. During the war, many of its larger buildings, such as the school, clubhouse and Big Horn Lodge, were demolished and sold for salvage. The community&#39;s decline stopped the following year, when another company resumed coal mining operations in the Coalbasin area. But the loss of the original buildings continued, as many of the cottages were either demolished as a result of the neglect after so many winters at 7,200 ft above sea level in the mountains, or moved. After the resurgence of Aspen as a resort in the late 20th century, Redstone began to gain residents and attract tourists who valued its historic buildings. The Redstone Inn was eventually restored and reopened in its present use, and the castle was opened for tours. Some of the remaining cottages have become bed and breakfasts; the town is also home to a small informal art colony.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Many of the original cottages and most of the larger buildings from Redstone&#39;s peak years have been demolished, but some noteworthy structures remain from the era. Two have been listed on the National Register themselves.</p><br>
<p>General Store, 292 Redstone Boulevard. The Palace Company ran this one-and-half-story timber frame building with clipped gables, shingle and shiplap siding and diamond-paned windows. It was the best-equipped company store at any CFI location after Pueblo.</p><br>
<p>North Gatekeepers Lodge, 58 Redstone Boulevard. The only one of the two such buildings for Osgood&#39;s estate left. It is a frame building on a rusticated stone foundation, topped by a cross-gabled roof with decorative vergeboards and broad overhanging eaves. The remains of a ski lift, from brief mid-20th century use as a ski resort, are nearby.</p><br>
<p>Osgood Castle, south end of Redstone Boulevard, also known as Cleveholm or Redstone Castle. Osgood&#39;s estate, designed by Boal, was a 42-room Tudor Revival mansion with interior furnishings personally chosen by the Osgoods on trips to Europe. He entertained guests including King Leopold II of Belgium, John D. Rockefeller and President Theodore Roosevelt. It was listed on the National Register in 1971, the first property in Pitkin County to be so recognized. There are currently plans to convert it into a resort; tours are offered to visitors.</p><br>
<p>Power Plant, off Highway 133. The only contributing property in the district west of the river, the deteriorating ruins of the hydroelectric power plant are mainly down to its stone foundation, now covered in concrete. It is a rare early example of a power generation station.</p><br>
<p>Redstone Inn, 82 Redstone Boulevard. Built as the dormitory for unmarried workers, this two-and-a-half-story Tudor building has a distinctive clock tower that has become as much a local landmark as the coke ovens. After falling into disuse when the mines and ovens were shut down, it was eventually restored and reused in its present purpose. It was listed on the Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Cook Rutledge House is a historic Italianate-style house located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1873 by lawyer and future Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin James M. Bingham and his wife, Justine. After James&#39;s death, Justine sold the house in 1887 to Irish immigrant Edward Rutledge, vice-president of the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company and an assistant to Frederick Weyerhaeuser. In 1888 Rutledge altered the mansion to its present appearance. In 1915 the house was sold to Dayton E. Cook, a prominent lawyer and county judge. His family lived there for many years, finally selling the house to the Chippewa County Historical Society in 1973. The house serves as a museum. The site is also available to rent for special occasions.</p><br>
<p>The Marsh Rainbow Arch Bridge is a historic bridge over Duncan Creek located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1916, it was designed by James Barney Marsh of North Lake, Wisconsin, and constructed by the Iowa Bridge Company at a cost of $13,950. It replaced another concrete bridge built in 1915, which was immediately wrecked by the spring flood of 1916. The use of reinforced concrete in bridges had been pioneered in Germany and Hungary and was controversial in Chippewa then, but Marsh&#39;s bridge has stood the test of time. It was the only bridge over Duncan Creek to survive the flood of 1934, and after 100 years, it is still in good shape.</p><br>
<p>D. R. Moon Memorial Library is a small public library donated in 1901 by the family of a lumber baron to the community of Stanley, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1880s the Northwestern Lumber Company built a large sawmill in Stanley, under the direction of DeLos R. Moon, the company president at the time. In 1893 the company began to build the Stanley, Merrill and Phillips Railway, to haul lumber from Northwestern&#39;s holdings to the mill in Stanley. Altogether, Northwestern was the largest industry in Stanley, employing hundreds of men.</p><br>
<p>Moon died in 1898. Around that time, people began seriously discussing Stanleys need for a public library. Mrs. Sallie F. Moon, DeLoss widow, donated funds for the library as a memorial to her husband, and because of his affection for the community.</p><br>
<p>William Channing Whitney of Minneapolis designed the building in Neoclassical style, a compact 1-story building with T-shaped floor plan and hip roof. The front entrance is a round arch flanked by Doric columns. Inside are more Doric columns, dark oak ceiling beams, and a large brick fireplace with a plaque acknowledging the Moon family.</p><br>
<p>The library was dedicated in a ceremony on December 17, 1901, with a speech by DeLos son Sumner and with remarks by F.A. Hutchins and Senator J.H. Stout of the State Library Commission. Hutchins "declared that for a building of its size, it had no equal in the state, and that the selection of books was the best he had seen." The initial selection of books was given by Mrs. Moon. To that, S.J. McNight, DeLos Moons successor as president of Northwestern Lumber, donated another 500 books. These included reference books, history, travel, science, children&#39;s books, and books in Norwegian, for this community with a large Norwegian population.</p><br>
<p>Though computers and DVDs have been added inside, the building remains largely as originally designed, still serving the community.</p><br>
<p>Mount Selma is a mountain located to the north-east of Aberfeldy in Victoria, Australia. Its peak is 1463 metres above sea level. The headwaters of the Aberfeldy River rise on its southerly slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The unsealed Mount Selma Road passes to the north of the summit and divides the Toombon State Forest (to the south) from Licola State Forest (to the north). The summit of the mountain has a trigonometrical station and is accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles via Mount Selma Track. The Australian Alps Walking Track follows the alignment of Mount Selma Road.</p><br>
<h2>Bushfires</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 2006-2007, the area was burned during the Eastern Victoria Great Divide bushfires. Before the fire reached the mountain, the army was called in to provide heavy machinery to clear a firebreak along Mount Selma Track to protect the Thomson Reservoir catchment. Christians Hut, a mountain hut near Mount Selma, was destroyed by the bushfires.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The Selma Saddle Grevillea (Grevillea miqueliana subsp. cincta) is endemic to a small area near Mount Selma. Road works, logging and controlled burning are potential threats to the population The subspecies is listed as "endangered" on the Advisory List of Rare Or Threatened Plants In Victoria - 2014.</p><br>
<p>Penn-Craft Historic District is a national historic district located at Luzerne Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 108 contributing buildings, 7 contributing sites, and 6 contributing structures in the subsistence homestead community of Penn-Craft. The planned community was first built between 1937 and 1943 by the American Friends Service Committee, as a community for unemployed miners. In addition to two pre-Penn Craft dwellings, contributing buildings include remaining frame "temporary" houses, 50 stone houses, knitting factory , cooperative store , and a frame barn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>When the June 2012 Mid-Atlantic and Midwest derecho passed through southwestern Pennsylvania on June 29, 2012, the community&#39;s store was destroyed by a fire resulting from a lightning strike.</p><br>
